The scientific consensus is that there are no known health risks from all forms of RF energy at the low levels approved for everyday consumer use. The evidence consists of thousands of peer-reviewed studies conducted over 70 years by independent scientific organizations.
Here are the latest studies and literature reviews on radiofrequency energy and health:
Recent Research on Electromagnetic Fields and Health Risk, Twentieth Report from the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority’s (SSM) Scientific Council on Electromagnetic Fields, (Published February 2026): The Swedish Radiation Safety Authority’s (SSM) Scientific Council on Electromagnetic Fields produces an annual update on current research on radiofrequency energy and health that all members of the Council agree to. The 20th Report looks at new studies published between January 2024 and December 2024 and finds “no new established causal relationships between EMF exposure and health risk have been identified.”
Norwegian Institute of Public Health’s Umbrella Review of Low-Level Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (100 kHz-300 GHz) and Health Effects, (Published January 2026): The Norwegian Institute of Public Health conducted a scientific literature review to “assess whether electromagnetic fields can give rise to adverse health effects such as cancer, reduced fertility, or pain or discomfort.” NIPH’s Director of the Department of Chemical Toxicology, Ragnar Hovland, reports, “An overall assessment of the evidence shows that there are no health effects from electromagnetic fields for users of mobile phones and other wireless communication technologies.”
The International Collaborative Animal Study of Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Radiation Carcinogenicity and Genotoxicity: The Japanese Study, (Published January 2026): The Japanese and Korean governments funded collaborative studies to follow up on a previous study by the U.S. National Toxicology Program. Both studies evaluated the impact of RF signals at levels in line with international human safety guidelines. The Japanese study found that long-term exposure “did not produce reproducible carcinogenic or genotoxic effects in male rats.”
The International Collaborative Animal Study of The Carcinogenicity and Genotoxicity of Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Radiation: The Korean Study, (Published January 2026): The Japanese and Korean governments funded collaborative studies to follow up on a previous study by the U.S. National Toxicology Program. Both studies evaluated the impact of RF signals at levels in line with international human safety guidelines. The Korean study found that long-term exposure at levels in line of international human safety guidelines “was neither carcinogenic nor genotoxic” for male rats.
Brain Tumor and Mobile Phone Risk Among Young People: Analysis of Japanese People Using the MOBI-Kids International Case-Control Study (MOBI-Kids Japan) , (Published December 2025): A Japanese study, supported by a grant from the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, was built on the international MOBI-Kids study and accounted for the difference in output power of various generations of wireless. MOBI-Kids Japan studied young people aged 10-29 and “found no increased risk of brain tumors associated with mobile phone use, even when factoring in the weighted power output. The findings align with other recent international studies that also report no causal association.”
WBF Expert Forum 2024’s Consensus Decision, (Published November 2024): Austria’s WBF Expert Forum regularly reviews the science on RF. The 2024 Forum based their findings on 161 papers published between July 2023 to July 2024, as well as ~3000 studies reviewed previously. “Publications from the past year (provided existing limits are observed) have not revealed any new epidemiologically sound evidence of health problems associated with mobile communications. Recent analyses from long-term studies show no link to the development of cancer.” (Translated from German).
World Health Organization Commissioned Report: The Effect of Exposure to Radiofrequency Fields on Cancer Risk in the General and Working Population: A Systematic Review of Human Observational Studies – Part I: Most Researched Outcomes, (Published September 2024): WHO commissioned a review where experts from nine countries analyzed 63 studies on cellphones and cancer dating from 1994 through 2022. The researchers found no connection between cellphone use and brain cancer. On children’s health, the review specifically found that “exposure from fixed-site transmitters (broadcasting antennas or base stations) was not associated with childhood leukaemia or paediatric brain tumour risks, independently of the level of the modelled RF exposure.”
WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer’s Cohort Study of Mobile Phone Use and Health (COSMOS) , (Published March 2024): Researchers from the International Agency for Research on Cancer and their partners collected data from more than 250,000 mobile phone users, many of whom used a mobile phone for 15+ years before joining the study. It is the largest multinational, prospective cohort study on this topic. The study’s findings “indicate that people with the most total hours of mobile phone calls do not have a higher risk of developing a brain tumour compared with light users of mobile phones.”
Spain’s Scientific Advisory Committee on Radiofrequencies and Health (CCARS) Report on Radiofrequencies and Health (2020-2022), (Published March 2024): This is CCARS seventh report on radiofrequencies and health and is focused on scientific outputs from 2020-2022. “This review has sought to consolidate the current scientific evidence on the relationship between RF-EMF and health, specifically addressing topics such as cancer, other health effects, electromagnetic hypersensitivity, and guidelines from national and international official bodies. To provide a clear and up-to-date overview, both recent research and previous findings have been considered, with particular emphasis on the rigor and objectivity of the sources consulted. Thus the current, scientific evidence suggests that, within established exposure limits, RF-EMF does not present a significant risk to human health.” (Translated from Spanish).